US Crypto Exchange Form 1099-DA & Cost-Basis Reporting Directory (32 Platforms)
Verify which IRS tax forms (Form 1099-DA, 1099-MISC, 1099-B, 1099-R, or CSV-only) each of the 32 US crypto platforms issues, its default Rev. Proc. 2024-28 wallet-by-wallet cost-basis method, and how to fix missing cost basis on transferred-in self-custody deposits.
- IRC Section
- 26 U.S.C. §§ 6045, 1012 · Treas. Reg. § 1.1012-1(j) · Rev. Proc. 2024-28
- IRS Form & Line
- IRS Form 8949 (Parts I & II) → Schedule D (Form 1040)
- 2026 Federal Rate
- 0% / 15% / 20% LTCG (>365d) · 10%–37% STCG (Rev. Proc. 2025-32)
- 3.8% NIIT Applicability
- 3.8% Form 8960 Surtax > $200k Single / $250k MFJ (IRC § 1411)
- 1099-DA Box Mapping
- Box 1f Proceeds → Col (d) · Box 1g Basis → Col (e) · Box 3b/9
- Statute of Limitations / Rev. Proc.
- 3 Yrs Standard (IRC § 6501(a)) · 6 Yrs >25% Omission · Rev. Proc. 2024-28
▸ Inspect 1200×675 CPA Statutory Workpaper Summary Card (32 US Crypto Exchanges: IRS Form 1099-DA &) WebP 1200×675
| US Platform & Legal Entity | Category | IRS Tax Forms Issued | Default Cost-Basis Method (Rev. Proc. 2024-28) | Supported Tax Software APIs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coinbase (Simple & Coinbase Advanced) Coinbase, Inc. & Coinbase Custody Trust Company, LLC | EXCHANGE | 1099-DA, 1099-MISC, 1099-B, 8949-CSV | FIFO (HIFO / LIFO / Specific ID selectable in Coinbase Tax Center) | CoinTracker, Koinly, TaxBit, TokenTax, TurboTax, CoinLedger |
| Kraken (Instant & Kraken Pro) Payward Interactive, Inc. & Kraken Financial (Payward Financial, Inc.) | EXCHANGE | 1099-DA, 1099-MISC, 1099-INT, 8949-CSV | FIFO (Specific ID supported via API/CSV) | Koinly, CoinTracker, TaxBit, TokenTax, CoinLedger |
| Gemini (App & ActiveTrader) Gemini Trust Company, LLC | EXCHANGE | 1099-DA, 1099-MISC, 8949-CSV | FIFO / Specific ID via TaxBit integration | TaxBit, CoinTracker, Koinly, TokenTax, TurboTax |
| Crypto.com (App & Exchange US) Foris DAX, Inc. & Crypto.com Derivatives North America (CDNA) | EXCHANGE | 1099-DA, 1099-MISC, 1099-B, 8949-CSV | FIFO | Koinly, CoinTracker, CoinLedger, TokenTax |
| Bitstamp US (by Robinhood) Bitstamp USA, Inc. | EXCHANGE | 1099-DA, 1099-MISC, 8949-CSV | FIFO | Koinly, CoinTracker, TokenTax, CoinLedger |
| Uphold US Uphold HQ Inc. | EXCHANGE | 1099-DA, 1099-B, 1099-MISC, 1099-INT, 8949-CSV | FIFO | Koinly, CoinTracker, CoinLedger, TaxBit |
| Robinhood Crypto Robinhood Crypto, LLC | BROKER | 1099-DA, 1099-B, 1099-MISC, 8949-CSV | FIFO (First-In, First-Out) | TurboTax, CoinTracker, Koinly, TaxBit, CoinLedger |
| Fidelity Crypto Fidelity Digital Asset Services, LLC | BROKER | 1099-DA, 1099-B, Gain/Loss Statement | FIFO / Specific ID | TurboTax, CoinTracker, Koinly |
| Interactive Brokers Crypto (via Paxos & Zero Hash) Interactive Brokers LLC (custody via Paxos Trust Company & Zero Hash LLC) | BROKER | 1099-DA, 1099-B, 8949-CSV | FIFO / LIFO / HIFO / Specific Lot Tax Optimizer | TurboTax, Koinly, CoinTracker, TokenTax |
| Webull Pay Webull Pay LLC (operating with Bakkt Crypto Solutions, LLC) | BROKER | 1099-DA, 1099-B, 1099-MISC, 8949-CSV | FIFO | TurboTax, Koinly, CoinTracker, TaxBit |
| Cash App (Block, Inc.) Block, Inc. | BROKER | 1099-DA, 1099-B, 8949-CSV | FIFO | TurboTax, Cash App Taxes (Free), CoinTracker, Koinly, TaxBit |
| PayPal / Venmo Crypto PayPal, Inc. | BROKER | 1099-DA, 1099-B, 1099-MISC, Gain/Loss Statement | FIFO | TurboTax, CoinTracker, Koinly, TaxBit |
| eToro US eToro USA LLC | BROKER | 1099-DA, 1099-B, 1099-MISC, 8949-CSV | FIFO | CoinTracker, Koinly, TaxBit |
| SoFi (Exited Retail Crypto Dec 2023 — ETF Access & Bank Re-entry Watch) SoFi Digital Assets, LLC / SoFi Bank, N.A. | BROKER | 1099-B, 1099-DIV, 1099-INT, 5498 | FIFO / Specific ID | TurboTax, H&R Block |
| River Financial River Financial Inc. | BITCOIN_ONLY | 1099-DA, 1099-B, 1099-INT, 8949-CSV | HIFO / FIFO / LIFO / Specific ID (built-in tax-lot optimization) | CoinTracker, Koinly, TaxBit, CoinLedger |
| Swan Bitcoin Swan Bitcoin (Electric Solidus, Inc.) | BITCOIN_ONLY | 1099-DA, 1099-B, 5498, 1099-R, 8949-CSV | FIFO / HIFO CSV Export | Koinly, CoinTracker, CoinLedger, TokenTax |
| Strike (Zap Solutions, Inc.) Zap Solutions, Inc. | BITCOIN_ONLY | 1099-DA, 1099-B, 8949-CSV | FIFO / HIFO | Koinly, CoinTracker, CoinLedger, TokenTax |
| Fold App (Fold, Inc.) Fold, Inc. | BITCOIN_ONLY | 1099-DA, 1099-B, 1099-MISC, 8949-CSV | FIFO | Koinly, CoinTracker, CoinLedger |
| Unchained (Collaborative Multisig Vaults & Trading Desk) Unchained Capital, Inc. & Unchained Trading, LLC | BITCOIN_ONLY | 1099-DA, 1099-B, 5498, 1099-R, 8949-CSV | Specific ID (UTXO-level hardware wallet control) | CoinTracker, Koinly, TokenTax, CoinLedger |
| iTrustCapital iTrustCapital, Inc. (Custodian: Fortis Bank / Fortress Trust; Liquidity: Coinbase Prime / Fidelity) | CRYPTO_IRA | 5498, 1099-R | Tax-Advantaged IRA (0% capital gains tax on trades inside Traditional/Roth/SEP IRA; no Form 8949 required) | None needed for intra-IRA trades (Custodian files IRS Form 5498 & Form 1099-R) |
| BitcoinIRA Alternative IRA Services, LLC (Custodian: Digital Trust, LLC / BitGo Trust Company) | CRYPTO_IRA | 5498, 1099-R | Tax-Advantaged IRA (Custodian files IRS Form 5498 & 1099-R) | None needed for intra-IRA trades |
| Alto CryptoIRA Alto Solutions, Inc. (Trading execution via Coinbase) | CRYPTO_IRA | 5498, 1099-R | Tax-Advantaged IRA (Custodian files IRS Form 5498 & 1099-R) | None needed for intra-IRA trades |
| Fidelity Crypto for IRAs Fidelity Digital Asset Services, LLC & Fidelity Management Trust Company | CRYPTO_IRA | 5498, 1099-R | Tax-Advantaged IRA (Fidelity files IRS Form 5498 & Form 1099-R automatically) | TurboTax (automatic Fidelity 1099-R import) |
| Choice by Kingdom Trust Kingdom Trust Company (South Dakota-chartered Public Trust Company) | CRYPTO_IRA | 5498, 1099-R | Tax-Advantaged IRA (Kingdom Trust files IRS Form 5498 & Form 1099-R) | None needed for intra-IRA trades |
| Unchained IRA (Key-Controlled Multisig Bitcoin IRA) Unchained Capital, Inc. (IRA Administrator: Fortis Bank) | CRYPTO_IRA | 5498, 1099-R | Tax-Advantaged IRA (Fortis Bank / Unchained files IRS Form 5498 & Form 1099-R) | None needed for intra-IRA trades |
| MoonPay US MoonPay USA LLC | ONRAMP_DEX | 1099-DA, 1099-K, CSV-History | User-tracked per self-custody wallet (Rev. Proc. 2024-28) | Koinly, CoinTracker, CoinLedger, TokenTax |
| Transak US Transak USA LLC | ONRAMP_DEX | 1099-DA, CSV-History | User-tracked per self-custody wallet | Koinly, CoinTracker, CoinLedger |
| Ledger Live US (Hardware Wallet Ecosystem) Ledger SAS / Ledger Technologies Inc. (US Ramps via Coinbase Pay, MoonPay, PayPal, Ramp) | ONRAMP_DEX | CSV-Export (Operation History) | Per-wallet cost-basis tracking under Rev. Proc. 2024-28 (exportable via CSV or xpub/address sync) | Koinly, CoinTracker, CoinLedger, TokenTax, ZenLedger |
| Trezor Suite US (Open-Source Hardware Ecosystem) SatoshiLabs s.r.o. / Invity.io (US Ramps via Banxa, MoonPay, Ramp, Steadfast) | ONRAMP_DEX | CSV-Export (Account XPUB & Transaction History) | Per-wallet cost-basis tracking under Rev. Proc. 2024-28 (XPUB / CSV sync) | Koinly, CoinTracker, CoinLedger, TokenTax |
| Phantom Wallet & Cross-Chain Swaps Phantom Technologies, Inc. | ONRAMP_DEX | Public Wallet Address Sync (Solana/EVM/BTC) | Per-wallet cost-basis tracking under Rev. Proc. 2024-28 (IRS treats every DEX swap and liquid-staking token swap as a taxable disposition; non-custodial DEX broker reporting rules were repealed by Congress under the 2025 CRA resolution) | Koinly, CoinTracker, CoinLedger, TokenTax, Awaken Tax |
| MetaMask Portfolio & Swaps (Consensys) Consensys Software Inc. | ONRAMP_DEX | Public Wallet Address Sync (EVM CSV/API) | Per-wallet cost-basis tracking under Rev. Proc. 2024-28 (no 1099-DA issued by non-custodial software after the 2025 CRA repeal of the IRS DeFi broker rule, but all swaps remain taxable on Form 8949) | Koinly, CoinTracker, CoinLedger, TokenTax |
| Uniswap Protocol (Ethereum, Base, Arbitrum, Optimism) Uniswap Labs (Universal Navigation Inc.) | ONRAMP_DEX | On-Chain Address Sync (No 1099-DA issued — DeFi broker rule repealed in 2025) | Per-wallet cost-basis tracking under Rev. Proc. 2024-28 (every on-chain token swap and LP deposit/withdrawal is reportable by the taxpayer on Form 8949) | Koinly, CoinTracker, CoinLedger, TokenTax, Awaken Tax |
Exchange-vs-Exchange Tax Reporting & Cost Basis Comparisons
IRS Statutory Rule: US Crypto Exchange Form 1099 establishes the following verified 2026 benchmark values under “Exchange-vs-Exchange Tax Reporting & Cost Basis Compari”: 2026 Federal Ordinary / Short-Term Rate (<= 365 Days) (22.00% Federal (22.00% Combined)), 2026 Federal Long-Term Capital Gains Rate (> 365 Days) (15.00% Federal (15.00% Combined)), Estimated Tax on Short-Term vs Long-Term Disposition ($3,300 (ST) vs $2,250 (LT) · $13,900 (ST) vs $9,400 (LT)).
Coinbase vs Kraken 1099-DA
Comparing Coinbase Tax Center HIFO/FIFO controls vs Kraken CSV/1099-DA reporting.
Coinbase vs Robinhood Crypto
Comparing standalone 1099-DA tax lots vs Robinhood consolidated tax PDF.
River vs Strike Bitcoin Tax
Bitcoin-only 1099-DA lot tracking and Lightning Network withdrawal accounting.
Fidelity Crypto vs Coinbase
Closed-loop custodial 1099-DA cost basis vs self-custody transferred-in noncovered lots.
Cash App vs PayPal Crypto
Bitcoin Lightning & PYUSD $10,000 stablecoin de minimis 1099-DA comparison.
MetaMask vs Uniswap Tax
Public Law 119-5 DeFi broker repeal: why non-custodial wallets issue zero 1099-DAs.
2026 Taxpayer Scenario Comparison Matrix (Single $75k vs Married $250k vs High-Earner $600k+)
The statutory matrix below compares 2026 combined Federal, 3.8% Net Investment Income Tax (IRC § 1411 Form 8960), and Federal Baseline (0% State Tax) tax liabilities across three representative US taxpayer profiles:
| Statutory Dimension / Tax Metric | Profile A: Single Filer ($75,000 Base AGI + $15,000 Crypto Gain) | Profile B: Married Joint ($250,000 Base AGI + $50,000 Crypto Gain) | Profile C: High-Earner ($600,000+ Base AGI + $250,000 Crypto Gain) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 Federal Ordinary / Short-Term Rate (<= 365 Days) | 22.00% Federal (22.00% Combined) | 24.00% + 3.80% NIIT (27.80% Combined) | 37.00% + 3.80% NIIT (40.80% Combined) |
| 2026 Federal Long-Term Capital Gains Rate (> 365 Days) | 15.00% Federal (15.00% Combined) | 15.00% + 3.80% NIIT (18.80% Combined) | 20.00% + 3.80% NIIT (23.80% Combined) |
| Estimated Tax on Short-Term vs Long-Term Disposition | $3,300 (ST) vs $2,250 (LT) | $13,900 (ST) vs $9,400 (LT) | $102,000 (ST) vs $59,500 (LT) |
| Long-Term Holding Period Tax Savings (> 1 Year) | $1,050 Saved (7.00% Spread) | $4,500 Saved (9.00% Spread) | $42,500 Saved (17.00% Spread) |
| Form 1099-DA & Form 8949 Reporting Requirement | Form 8949 Box A/D (Covered) or Box B/E (Noncovered) -> Schedule D | Form 8949 + Schedule D + Form 8960 (3.8% NIIT on $50k over $250k MFJ) | Form 8949 + Schedule D + Form 8960 + Rev. Proc. 2024-28 Specific ID Ledger |
Federal + State Stacking
1099-DA State Reporting
Wallet-by-Wallet Accounting
2026 IRS Compliance Chain, Form 1099-DA Workflow & Disallowance Rules: US Crypto Exchange Form 1099
IRS Statutory Rule: US Crypto Exchange Form 1099 is governed in the 2026 tax year by IRC §§ 1001, 1221, and 1222, IRS Notice 2014-21, Rev. Proc. 2024-28, and Rev. Proc. 2025-32, taxing short-term dispositions (≤ 365 days) at ordinary rates up to 37% and long-term gains (> 365 days) at 0%, 15%, or 20% plus the 3.8% Net Investment Income Tax (NIIT).
- Segregate Per-Wallet Cost Basis Pools (Rev. Proc. 2024-28): The taxpayer maintains separate FIFO or Specific-ID cost basis ledgers for each custodial broker and each self-custodied wallet address.
- Ingest Broker Form 1099-DA Statements: By February 15, custodial exchanges issue Form 1099-DA reporting gross proceeds (Box 1f) and covered cost basis for each digital asset sale or swap.
- Classify Ordinary Income vs. Capital Gains: Staking rewards, mining payouts, and airdrops are recorded on Schedule 1 / Schedule C at fair market value in USD at the exact timestamp of dominion and control.
- Populate IRS Form 8949 (Parts I & II): Dispositions are separated into Part I (Short-Term ≤ 365 days) and Part II (Long-Term > 365 days) using Checkboxes G, H, I (short-term) or J, K, L (long-term).
- Apply State Income Tax Conformity: Net capital gains flow from federal Schedule D to the taxpayer's state return (0% in AK, FL, NV, NH, SD, TN, TX, WA, WY vs. up to 13.3% in California).
- Answer the Form 1040 Digital Asset Question: The filer checks “Yes” or “No” on page 1 of Form 1040 and retains cryptographic transaction logs for the 3-to-6-year IRS statute of limitations (IRC § 6501).
Statutory Myth Debunked (Restriction): A tax-free crypto-to-crypto or BTC-to-USDT stablecoin swap under IRC § 1031 like-kind exchange rules does not exist: Congress restricted IRC § 1031 exclusively to real property under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, making every coin-to-coin trade, DeFi liquidity swap, and stablecoin conversion an immediately taxable disposition under IRC § 1001.
To model exact liabilities for US Crypto Exchange Form 1099, run the 2026 federal and 50-state crypto capital gains tax calculator incorporating IRS Rev. Proc. 2025-32 brackets (0%, 15%, 20%) plus 3.8% NIIT (short-term vs long-term 365-day holding threshold), verify reporting codes in our interactive IRS Form 1099-DA box-by-box reconciliation guide under Treasury Decision 10000 (89 FR 56480) gross proceeds reporting (Form 8949 Part I and Part II adjustment codes), and review wallet-by-wallet cost basis allocation under Rev. Proc. 2024-28 (mandatory per-account FIFO/Specific ID tracking from January 1, 2026).
2026 IRS Form 1099-DA & 8949 Filing Readiness Tracker
0 / 4 Complete2026 IRS Rev. Proc. & State Tax Rate Dispatch
Title 26 AlertsReceive instant CPA alerts when the IRS issues new Form 1099-DA guidance, Internal Revenue Bulletins, or 50-state capital gains rate amendments—or download this page's statutory workpaper `.txt` file.
Statutory Frequently Asked Questions & IRS Citations
IRS Statutory Rule: US Crypto Exchange Form 1099 is governed in 2026 by IRS Rev. Proc. 2025-32 (0%/15%/20% long-term brackets plus 3.8% NIIT) and mandatory Form 1099-DA gross proceeds reporting.
Why do custodial exchanges like Coinbase and Kraken issue Form 1099-DA while MetaMask and Uniswap do not?
Under TD 10000 (IRC § 6045), custodial brokers that take possession of customer digital assets or effect sales must file Form 1099-DA. By contrast, Congress repealed the non-custodial DeFi broker rule in April 2025 under Public Law 119-5, exempting unhosted wallets and decentralized protocols from issuing Form 1099-DA.
Why is Box 1g (Cost Basis) blank on my 2026 IRS Form 1099-DA?
Under Treasury Decision 10000 (Treas. Reg. § 1.6045-1) and IRS Notice 2024-56, digital assetlots acquired prior to January 1, 2026, or transferred in from an external self-custody wallet or another exchange, are classified as noncovered securities (Box 5 checked). Custodial brokers report gross proceeds in Box 1f to the IRS, leaving Box 1g blank so you can enter your verified historical cost basis in Form 8949 Column (e) under Box B or Box E.
How do I prevent an IRS CP2000 Automated Underreporter notice when Form 1099-DA omits my cost basis?
Ensure that the sum of gross proceeds reported in Column (d) across all Form 8949 sheets equals or exceeds the aggregate Box 1f proceeds reported on all Forms 1099-DA filed under your SSN/TIN. Place noncovered lots on Form 8949 Part I Box B (short-term) or Part II Box E (long-term) and enter your Rev. Proc. 2024-28 wallet-specific cost basis in Column (e).
Does transferring Bitcoin or Ethereum between my own wallets trigger Form 1099-DA Box 1f proceeds?
No. A non-taxable wallet-to-wallet transfer of identical digital assets owned by the same taxpayer does not trigger a sale or disposition under IRC § 1001. However, the receiving custodial broker records the inbound transfer in Form 1099-DA Box 12 (Units Transferred In), and when those units are later sold, they are reported as noncovered lots requiring external basis documentation.
How does the $10,000 Qualified Stablecoin de minimis threshold (Box 11a) work on Form 1099-DA?
Under Treas. Reg. § 1.6045-1(d)(10), custodial brokers may report designated qualified stablecoin dispositions (such as USDC or PYUSD) on an aggregate basis in Box 11a/11b—and are exempt from reporting if your aggregate qualified stablecoin sales at that broker do not exceed $10,000 for the calendar year.
Are DeFi protocols, MetaMask, Ledger, and Uniswap issuing IRS Form 1099-DA for the 2026 tax year?
No. In IRS Notice 2024-57 and subsequent congressional action under the Congressional Review Act, non-custodial DeFi front-ends and unhosted wallet software are excluded from IRC § 6045 broker reporting for 2026. You must self-report all DeFi swaps, LP positions, and bridges on Form 8949 using Box C (short-term) or Box F (long-term).